Dr PDR’s ECG teaching series

Axis & Limb Electrodes

Seven short steps from three electrodes on a patient to the hexaxial reference circle, then back again — reading an axis, and every way the cables can be wrong.

Heart's vector +60° Normal
+60°

selected lead equiphasic — areas cancel, axis 90° away
Show components on…
Which limb are we measuring?
Electrode wiring